Leon's Blogging

Coding blogging for hackers.

Email 寄信通知

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網站中經常會使用寄信來通知用戶，像是註冊信件，確認更改密碼等等之類的。

指令

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rails g mailer TestMailer notify_job_apply

產生檔案

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# app/mailers/application_mailer.rb
class ApplicationMailer < ActionMailer::Base
  default from: "from@example.com"
  layout 'mailer'
  
 #寄信給多個收件者
 #default to: Proc.new { Admin.pluck(:email) }, from: 'notification@example.com'
end

#app/mailer/test_mailer.rb
class TestMailer < ApplicationMailer
  # Subject can be set in your I18n file at config/locales/en.yml
  # with the following lookup:
  #
  #   en.test_mailer.notify_job_apply.subject
  #
  def notify_job_apply
    @greeting = "Hi"
  
  #附件檔案
  attachments['filename.jpg'] = File.read('/path/to/filename.jpg')
    mail to: "to@example.org"
    mail to: ["email"], bcc:["sub-email"], subject: "Title"

  end
end

信件內容

因為不是每個人都可以顯示 html 檔案，因此要有兩份

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#app/views/test_mailer/notify_job_apply.html.erb
<h1>TestMailer#notify_job_apply</h1>
<p>
  <%= @greeting %>, find me in app/views/test_mailer/notify_job_apply.html.erb
</p>
<%= image_tag attachments['image.jpg'].url, alt: 'My Photo', class: 'photos' %>

純文字檔

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#app/views/test_mailer/notify_job_apply.text.erb 
TestMailer#notify_job_apply
<%= @greeting %>, find me in app/views/test_mailer/notify_job_apply.text.erb

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#app/model/user.rb
class User < ActiveRecord::Base
  after_save : notify_job_apply_notification, if: : notify_job_apply?

  private
    def notify_job_apply_notification
      UserMailer.notify_job_apply(self).deliver
      #deliver_now! 立即送出
      #deliver_later! 非同步去處理 ex: sidekiq
    end
  edn

設定

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#config/environments

#忽略任何寄信錯誤
config.action_mailer.raise_delivery_errors = false
#測試用，不會真的寄信
config.action_mailer.delivery_method = :test
#用什麼方式傳遞
config.action_mailer.delivery_method = :smtp
#網站網址
config.action_mailer.default_url_options = { host: "http://localhost:3000" }
#一定要轉 symbol 不然會吃不到
config.action_mailer.smtp_settings = config_for(:email).symbolize_keys
#使用 sidekiq 做背景處理
config.active_job.queue_adapter = :sidekiq

設定擋

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#config/email.yml
development:
  address: "smtp.mailgun.org"
  port: 587
  domain: "google.com"
  authentication: "plain"
  user_name: "postmaster@leon.tw"
  password: "1234567890"
  enable_starttls_auto: true

預覽測試

letter_opener 這個 gem 可以不用真的寄信，而是直接在畫面上顯示寄信內容，就可以拿來做測試

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#config/environments
config.action_mailer.delivery_method = :letter_opener

官方文件：
Action Mailer
Action Mailer 中文

參考文件：
ActionMailer - E-mail 發送
如何正確發送(大量) Email 信件

gem：
madmimi-gem
mailgun-ruby
letter_opener

email:
madmimi.com
mailgun
aws
mailchimp
SendGrid

Comments